â€å“system Services Not Available To Activities Before Oncreate()ã¢â‚¬â Error Message?

When files are moved between different operating systems, or stored in a common file system such equally AFS, y'all may sometimes find that characters such as ÅÄÖ are shown incorrectly.

A character encoding determines which binary sequence is used to represent each letter, or other character. Many different ways to encode text have been used throughout the years. CSC's Unix systems have traditionally used "Latin-1" (ISO-8859-one), which contains the letters used in western European languages. Other operating systems take used other encodings, e.one thousand. "Mac Roman" on Mac Os, "CP-1252" on MS Windows, or "CP-437" on MS DOS. All of these are extensions of ASCII (basically, American letters, digits and punctuation), which means that such characters are displayed correctly. But accented letters differ. In particular, the Swedish letters ÅÄÖ are not displayed correctly

These days, well-nigh OSs can utilise some class of UTF-8, but you may demand to configure the applications to employ it. To practice and so yous choose a locale, which defines formatting many settings specific to a language and region, for example:

• Number formatting (e.grand. using "1 234,5" or "1,234.5")
• Date and time formatting
• String collation (i.eastward. sort order, and then that "ångström" is sorted under A in English language but Å in Swedish)

The locale is written as «linguistic communication»_«variant».«encoding», e.g. "en_US.UTF-viii" (American English, UTF-8) or "en_GB.ISO8859-1" (British English, latin-1).

Wikipedia'due south explanation of latin1 (external link)

Wikipedia'due south explanation of locales (external link)

Converting a file

To convert the contents of a file, you tin open information technology in a locale-aware editor, and "save as..."
a different encoding, or utilise the iconv control-line tool:

iconv -f iso8859-1 -t utf-viii < original.txt > new.txt

When logging in remotely (with SSH), you lot tin can normally configure your local settings to be forwarded. Unfortunately, not all SSH servers support this. Currently (as of November 2010), CSC'southward Solaris SSH server does not permit forwarding of environment variables, which is needed for this to work. The relevant locales (en_US.UTF-8, sv_SE.UTF-8) are available on Solaris, and you tin can set them manually, just they won't exist used past default.

Trouble: ÅÄÖ shown as ���

Your application uses latin1 characters, but your terminal (or editor) tries to display them as UTF-8. Configure your application to employ UTF-8 (see below), or change your concluding settings to use ISO-8859-ane.

Problem: ÅÄÖ shown as åäö

Your awarding uses UTF-8, but they are displayed as latin1. Configure your application to use ISO-8859-one (see beneath), or alter your terminal settings to employ UTF-viii.

Problem: ÅÄÖ shown as ���

Your application is press U+FFFD, the Unicode replacement character (�, usually displayed as a question mark on inverted background). This is then converted as if information technology were in latin1 to UTF-8 (a U+FFFD character in UTF-eight uses three bytes). Bank check the settings for all applications — including the terminal window — to ensure that they all agree on which encoding to use.

Select locale (awarding settings)

If your application is locale aware (most are, but non some legacy CSC applications), and then y'all can select the locale by

consign LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-eight ## bash

setenv LC_ALL en_US.UTF-8 ## tcsh

and and then run your awarding. To only configure the character encoding, change the LC_CTYPE environment variable instead.

Y'all can besides select which locale to use when you lot log in locally, but this may crusade trouble when you use a dissimilar operating arrangement. We recommend that you employ the default settings and re-configure the applications instead.

Configuring concluding encoding

Ubuntu

The encoding used past Gnome's terminal tin be change under Last and and then Set Character Encoding, but unless you have previously done so, yous demand to add together the "Western (ISO-8859-1)" encoding.

Mac OS X

The default settings for Terminal.app is to employ UTF-8. This tin can be changed by going to Concluding and so Preferences… then Advanced.

The default for X11.app's xterm is to apply latin1. You tin can change this by editing the startup sequence for X11, but it's easier to just use Last.app.

MS Windows

PuTTY's settings tin can be inverse under Window then Translation in the configuration dialog.

CSC'southward Windows computers currently run SSH Secure Shell from Tectia (formerly SSH Communications Security Corp). It is not UTF-eight aware, and will default to using latin1 encoding.

Source: https://intra.kth.se/en/it/arbeta-pa-distans/unix/encoding-1.71788

Posted by: stoverthistarry.blogspot.com

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